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5. Orange
- What It Means: Severe dehydration, liver issues, or medication side effects.
- Explanation: Orange urine may indicate a more serious level of dehydration or possible issues with the liver or bile ducts. When bilirubin levels are high, they can darken urine. Certain medications (e.g., rifampin, some laxatives, or chemotherapy drugs) and high doses of vitamin B supplements can also cause orange urine.
- Caution: If orange urine persists, it’s important to assess recent dietary or medication changes. If unexplained or if accompanied by symptoms like abdominal pain, jaundice, or nausea, consult a doctor to rule out liver or bile duct issues.
6. Pink or Red
- What It Means: Possible blood in the urine (hematuria), kidney stones, infections, or dietary causes.
- Explanation: Pink or red urine is often a sign of blood, known as hematuria, in the urinary tract. This can result from urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, enlarged prostate in men, or, less commonly, kidney or bladder tumors. However, foods like beets, blackberries, or rhubarb can also impart a red or pink hue.
- Caution: While dietary causes of red or pink urine are harmless, blood in the urine can indicate potentially serious conditions that require medical attention. If the color persists or if symptoms like pain or burning during urination, lower back pain, or fever occur, seek medical advice promptly.
7. Brown or Cola-Colored
- What It Means: Possible severe dehydration, liver issues, or muscle injury.
- Explanation: Brown urine can occur in cases of severe dehydration but also in situations where muscle damage has released myoglobin, a protein, into the bloodstream. This condition, known as rhabdomyolysis, places heavy stress on the kidneys. Brown urine may also be a sign of liver disease or bile duct blockages.
- Caution: Brown or cola-colored urine warrants immediate attention, especially if accompanied by muscle pain, weakness, jaundice, or swelling. Rhabdomyolysis can cause kidney damage if untreated, and liver or bile duct conditions need prompt medical intervention.
8. Blue or Green
- What It Means: Possible infections, medication effects, or genetic disorders.
- Explanation: Blue or green urine is rare but can occur due to certain medications, dyes used in medical tests, or bacterial infections like Pseudomonas that cause green urine. A rare genetic condition called familial hypercalcemia (or “blue diaper syndrome”) can also cause blue-tinged urine.
- Caution: If you notice blue or green urine without an obvious dietary or medication-related cause, seek medical advice. Although rare, infections or genetic conditions could be the underlying cause.
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